ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Uncoordinated trade policies aid alien bee invasions
• One year posttransplant, recipients of hepatitis C kidneys disease-free
• Moderate blood sugar control targets recommended for most patients with type 2 diabetes
• 'Epigenetic landscape' is protective in normal aging, impaired in Alzheimer's disease
• Health data used to predict who will use opioids after hospitalization
• Restoring lipid synthesis could reduce lung fibrosis
• New dual-atom catalyst shows promise to yield clean energy by artificial photosynthesis
• Wildfires: Smoke and cloud interactions unexpectedly result in cooling
• Tropical forest response to drought depends on age
• How does resolving cannabis problems differ from problems with alcohol or other drugs?
• Roton quasiparticles observed in quantum gas
• Low blood sugar poses unaddressed threat to people with type 2 diabetes
• Genetic 'seeds' of metastatic breast cancer
• Preschoolers exposed to nighttime light lack melatonin
• Examination of nearly 100 prior studies on cell phone use in cars underscores hazards
• New gene therapy corrects a form of inherited macular degeneration in canine model
• Suburban sprawl worse than urban growth for CO2 emissions
• Submerged aquatic vegetation return is sentinel of Chesapeake Bay ecosystem recovery
• Seeing sounds: Researchers uncover molecular clues for synesthesia
• Arms races and cooperation among amoebae in the wild
• Culprit in Parkinson's brain cell die-off
• Comet 'Chury's' late birth
• Gastric bypass surgery can give better control for diabetes and obesity than lifestyle modification
• Babies who look like their father at birth are healthier one year later
• Sustainable ocean development
• These tropical hummingbirds make cricket-like sounds other birds can't hear
• Retaining talent is paramount for successful firm acquisitions
• Lens-free fluorescent microscope
• Deep-sea fish choose habitat according to genotype, new research says
• Strong relationships in midlife may offset health risks for victims of childhood abuse
• Biochemists zero in on key molecules that enable cells to crawl
• Polygenic risk score may identify Alzheimer's risk in younger populations
• It's not you, it's me: How customers break up with sellers
• Drug-producing bacteria possible with synthetic biology breakthrough
• Novel PET imaging agent targets copper in tumors, detects prostate cancer recurrence early
• Algorithm for large-scale brain simulations
• Researchers pinpoint gene responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism
• Modified, 3D-printable alloy shows promise for flexible electronics, soft robots
• Mothers who smoke while pregnant contribute to the severity of asthma and poor lung function in their children
• Chaperones can hold proteins in non-equilibrium states
• Models show how to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C
• Chemical sleuthing unravels possible path to forming life's building blocks in space
• Massive astrophysical objects governed by subatomic equation
• CO converted to CO2 with a single metal atom
• Insulator or superconductor? Physicists find graphene is both
• Technique to see objects hidden around corners
• Nerve cells found to suppress immune response during deadly lung infections
• Potential drug targets for ALS revealed in study using CRISPR
• Renegade cells portend relapse in children with leukemia
• Ball or stuffed toy -- Do dogs 'know' what they're smelling?
• Squaring the circle: Merchandising embarrassing products
• Method to predict drug stability could lead to more effective medicines
• How are we related? Easy workflow to find gene families
• Plants share defensive proteins in evolutionary pick 'n' mix
• New way to 'see' the quantum world
• How microplastics are affecting marine organisms
• Producing handy gels from a protein found in human blood
• Mammals share mechanisms controlling the heart with a 400 million-year-old fish
• Dying for the group: What motivates the ultimate sacrifice?
• A leopard may not change its spots but venomous creatures change their venom recipe often

Uncoordinated trade policies aid alien bee invasions Posted: 05 Mar 2018 06:45 PM PST Patagonia may lose its only native bumblebee species due to invasions by alien bee species sanctioned by government policy.

One year posttransplant, recipients of hepatitis C kidneys disease-free Posted: 05 Mar 2018 02:43 PM PST In a small study, doctors have successfully transplanted 10 hepatitis C-infected kidneys into patients without hepatitis C and prevented the patients from becoming infected by hepatitis C. The success of these transplants could mean more organs being available for the nearly 100,000 people in the US currently waiting for a kidney transplant.

Moderate blood sugar control targets recommended for most patients with type 2 diabetes Posted: 05 Mar 2018 02:43 PM PST Patients with type 2 diabetes should be treated to achieve an A1C between 7 percent and 8 percent rather than 6.5 percent to 7 percent, the American College of Physicians recommends in a new evidence-based guidance statement.

'Epigenetic landscape' is protective in normal aging, impaired in Alzheimer's disease Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:58 PM PST Researchers profiled the epigenomic landscape of Alzheimer's brains, specifically in one of the regions affected early in AD, the lateral temporal lobe. They compared these to both younger and elderly cognitively normal control subjects. The team described the genome-wide enrichment of a chemical modification of histone proteins that regulates the compaction of chromosomes in the nucleus. Changes along the genome in disease versus normal aging brains may signify places for future drug development.

Health data used to predict who will use opioids after hospitalization Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:58 PM PST Using electronic health record data, researchers identified patient-specific variables which were highly associated with the progression to COT. These included having a history of substance use disorder, past year receipt of a benzodiazepine, receipt of an opioid at hospital discharge and high opioid requirements during hospitalization. The model correctly predicted chronic opioid therapy in 79% of the patients and no COT correctly in 78% of the patients.

Restoring lipid synthesis could reduce lung fibrosis Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:58 PM PST Increasing the body's ability to produce lipids in the lungs after damage prevents the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in preliminary studies.

New dual-atom catalyst shows promise to yield clean energy by artificial photosynthesis Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:02 PM PST An international team of researchers has synthesized a dispersed catalyst featuring two atoms, yielding a stable and highly active platform that could facilitate solar water oxidation for the production and storage of clean energy, the team reports.

Wildfires: Smoke and cloud interactions unexpectedly result in cooling Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:02 PM PST For years, scientists determined that smoke, overall, diminishes clouds' cooling effect by absorbing light that the clouds beneath the aerosols would otherwise reflect. This new study does not dispute that phenomenon. However, more dominantly, the new study found that smoke and cloud layers are closer to each other than previously thought. This makes the clouds more reflective of light and, thus, accelerates the clouds' cooling effect.

Tropical forest response to drought depends on age Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:02 PM PST Factors most important for regulation of transpiration in young forests in Panama had to do with their ability to access water in the soil, whereas older forests were more affected by atmospheric conditions.

How does resolving cannabis problems differ from problems with alcohol or other drugs? Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:02 PM PST Individuals who report having resolved a problem with cannabis use appear to have done so at younger ages than those who resolved problems with alcohol or other drugs and were less likely to use any formal sources of assistance or support, report investigators.

Roton quasiparticles observed in quantum gas Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:02 PM PST An team of physicists has for the first time observed so-called roton quasiparticles in a quantum gas. Empirically introduced by Landau to explain the bizarre properties of superfluid liquid Helium, these quasiparticles reflect an 'energy softening' in the system as precursor of a crystallization instability. The new work demonstrates similar phenomena in the quantum-gas phase thanks to magnetic interactions, paving the way for a novel understanding of paradigmatic states of quantum fluids, such as supersolids.

Low blood sugar poses unaddressed threat to people with type 2 diabetes Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:01 PM PST New research finds that clinicians lack the resources to identify, assess and manage patients who are at a high risk of developing hypoglycemia, or episodes of dangerously low blood sugar.

Genetic 'seeds' of metastatic breast cancer Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:01 PM PST Researchers have identified genetic clues that explain how breast cancer spreads, or metastasizes - findings that may lead to better treatments or approaches to prevent its spread at the onset.

Preschoolers exposed to nighttime light lack melatonin Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:01 PM PST A new study found that preschoolers exposed to bright light at bedtime had an 88 percent reduction in melatonin levels. Anatomical differences in their young eyes may make them more vulnerable to adverse impacts of bright light, the researchers say.

Examination of nearly 100 prior studies on cell phone use in cars underscores hazards Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:01 PM PST Analysis of research from 1991 to 2015 on talking on the phone while driving can inform lawmakers in crafting driver safety legislation.

New gene therapy corrects a form of inherited macular degeneration in canine model Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:01 PM PST Researchers have developed a gene therapy that successfully treats a form of macular degeneration in a canine model. The work sets the stage for translating the findings into a human therapy for an inherited disease that results in a progressive loss of central vision and which is currently untreatable.

Suburban sprawl worse than urban growth for CO2 emissions Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:06 PM PST Atmospheric scientists report that suburban sprawl increases CO2 emissions more than similar population growth in a developed urban core.

Submerged aquatic vegetation return is sentinel of Chesapeake Bay ecosystem recovery Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:05 PM PST A new research article analyzes the positive impact of long-term nutrient reductions on an important and valuable ecosystem in the Chesapeake Bay. Scientists indicate the resurgence of underwater grasses supports nutrient reductions from EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) along with conservation incentives have resulted in a healthier Chesapeake Bay.

Seeing sounds: Researchers uncover molecular clues for synesthesia Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:05 PM PST One in 25 people have synesthesia, perceiving the world in unusual ways. An experience with one sense automatically leads to perception in another sense: for example, seeing colors when listening to music. Now researchers report clues into biological origins of such variations in human perception. They studied families with synesthesia, and describe genetic changes that might contribute to their differences in sensory experience.

Arms races and cooperation among amoebae in the wild Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:05 PM PST The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a powerful social study system because of the hard work of generations of cell and molecular biologists who have figured out many of the mechanisms of its social process. But it takes studies in nature to understand whether Dicty's cooperative behavior benefits relatives, and even whether its social activities occur frequently in nature. New gene sequencing techniques reveal the extent of its cooperation.

Culprit in Parkinson's brain cell die-off Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:05 PM PST Researchers investigate the connection between misfolded proteins and the destruction of mitochondria in neurons.

Comet 'Chury's' late birth Posted: 05 Mar 2018 11:25 AM PST Comets which consist of two parts, like Chury, can form after a catastrophic collision of larger bodies. Such collisions may have taken place in a later phase of our solar system, which suggests that Chury can be much younger than previously assumed.

Gastric bypass surgery can give better control for diabetes and obesity than lifestyle modification Posted: 05 Mar 2018 11:24 AM PST Patients treated with a form of bariatric surgery did significantly better than patients provided with an intensive diabetes and weight management program.

Babies who look like their father at birth are healthier one year later Posted: 05 Mar 2018 11:24 AM PST Infants who resemble their father at birth are more likely to spend time together with their father, in turn, be healthier when they reach their first birthday, according to new research.

Sustainable ocean development Posted: 05 Mar 2018 11:24 AM PST Earth's vast and vital oceans are a critical source of economic productivity, but issues of space management, interindustry conflict and environmental degradation often limit sustainable commercial development.

These tropical hummingbirds make cricket-like sounds other birds can't hear Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST Researchers have found that a tropical species of hummingbird called a black jacobin makes vocal sounds with an unusually high-frequency pitch that falls outside birds' normal hearing range. It's not yet clear whether the hummingbirds can even hear themselves, the researchers say.

Retaining talent is paramount for successful firm acquisitions Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST A recent study found that when acquiring firms avoid the exodus of scientists from the target firms, their likelihood of creating highly impactful knowledge increases.

Lens-free fluorescent microscope Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST Engineers are developing their FlatScope as a fluorescent microscope able to capture three-dimensional data and produce images from anywhere within the field.

Deep-sea fish choose habitat according to genotype, new research says Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST Scientists have found evidence of natural selection in a deep-sea fish species adapting to the depth of ocean that it inhabits.

Strong relationships in midlife may offset health risks for victims of childhood abuse Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST Research has linked childhood abuse to many adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including premature mortality, but according to new research, supportive relationships in midlife can partly compensate for the mortality risks linked to childhood abuse.

Biochemists zero in on key molecules that enable cells to crawl Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST Biochemists have made a discovery that sheds light on the molecular machinery that allows some cells, such as immune cells or even malignant cancer cells in humans, to wiggle their way through tissues like organs, skin or bones.

Polygenic risk score may identify Alzheimer's risk in younger populations Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST For the first time, scientists have determined that an Alzheimer's disease (AD) polygenic risk score can be used to correctly identify adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were only in their 50s.

It's not you, it's me: How customers break up with sellers Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:06 AM PST Companies invest billions each year in expensive customer service programs, sales forces, and sophisticated discounting programs such as Groupon to lure and retain customers only to find that churn remains one of their biggest, most expensive challenges. According to a new study, customers have a tendency to send clear signals before they 'break up' with a company, but you have to know what to be monitoring, and the key to any relationship remains effective communication.

Drug-producing bacteria possible with synthetic biology breakthrough Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:04 AM PST Bacteria could be programmed to efficiently produce drugs, thanks to breakthrough research into synthetic biology using engineering principles.

Novel PET imaging agent targets copper in tumors, detects prostate cancer recurrence early Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:04 AM PST A new study demonstrates that a novel nuclear medicine imaging agent targeting copper accumulation in tumors can detect prostate cancer recurrence early in patients with biochemical relapse (rising prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level).

Algorithm for large-scale brain simulations Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:03 AM PST Researchers have made a decisive step towards being able to simulate brain-scale networks on future supercomputers of the exascale class. The breakthrough algorithm allows larger parts of the human brain to be represented, using the same amount of computer memory. Simultaneously, the new algorithm significantly speeds up brain simulations on existing supercomputers.

Researchers pinpoint gene responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:03 AM PST Researchers found alterations of the gene thousand and one amino-acid kinase 2, known as TAOK2, plays a direct role in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. This is the first comprehensive study that supports previous research suggesting the involvement of this gene.

Modified, 3D-printable alloy shows promise for flexible electronics, soft robots Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:02 AM PST Researchers have taken a key step toward the rapid manufacture of flexible computer screens and other stretchable electronic devices, including soft robots.

Mothers who smoke while pregnant contribute to the severity of asthma and poor lung function in their children Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:02 AM PST Tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy is worse for children with asthma than postnatal secondhand smoke exposure, according to a new study in the journal.

Chaperones can hold proteins in non-equilibrium states Posted: 05 Mar 2018 10:02 AM PST Chaperones are specialized proteins in the cell that help other proteins to reach their functional 3D shapes, which correspond to the states preferred at thermodynamic equilibrium. But a new study shows that chaperones can also maintain proteins in non-equilibrium states, potentially altering their fate.

Models show how to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST There are several ways to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, and new research shows under what conditions this could happen.

Chemical sleuthing unravels possible path to forming life's building blocks in space Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Scientists have used experiments to retrace the chemical steps leading to the creation of complex hydrocarbons in space. They showed pathways to forming 2-D carbon-based nanostructures in a mix of heated gases.

Massive astrophysical objects governed by subatomic equation Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Surprisingly, a quintessential equation of quantum mechanics emerges while studying astronomical disks of orbiting material.

CO converted to CO2 with a single metal atom Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated for the first time that a single metal atom can act as a catalyst in converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, a chemical reaction that is commonly used in catalytic converters to remove harmful gases from car exhaust. The research could improve catalytic converter design and also has major implications in the field of computational catalysis.

Insulator or superconductor? Physicists find graphene is both Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Insulator or superconductor? Physicists find graphene is both, at a 'magic angle.'

Technique to see objects hidden around corners Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Someday your self-driving car could react to hazards before you even see them, thanks to a laser-based imaging technology that can peek around corners.

Nerve cells found to suppress immune response during deadly lung infections Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Neurons that carry nerve signals to and from the lungs suppress immune response during fatal lung infections with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Animal experiments show that disabling these neurons can boost immune response and promote bacterial clearance to aid recovery. Targeting neuro-immune signaling in the lungs can pave the way to nonantibiotic therapies for bacterial pneumonia.

Potential drug targets for ALS revealed in study using CRISPR Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST In a new application of gene-editing technology, researchers have gleaned insights into the genetic underpinnings of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disease that's notoriously tricky to parse.

Renegade cells portend relapse in children with leukemia Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Researchers have developed a technique that allowed them to determine at diagnosis whether children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia would relapse following treatment.

Ball or stuffed toy -- Do dogs 'know' what they're smelling? Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Dogs' excellent sense of smell is well-known, whether it is in the context of searching for people or for contraband substances. However, the question of how dogs understand what they perceive with their sense of smell has largely been unexplored. Scientists have now found evidence that dogs create a 'mental representation' of the target when they track a scent trail.

Squaring the circle: Merchandising embarrassing products Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Packaging shapes and colors of embarrassing products, as well as where the products are placed in stores, make a difference in how likely shoppers are to follow through on purchase intentions.

Method to predict drug stability could lead to more effective medicines Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:15 AM PST Researchers have developed a new method to predict the physical stability of drug candidates, which could help with the development of new and more effective medicines for patients.

How are we related? Easy workflow to find gene families Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:14 AM PST Researchers have released 'GeneSeqToFamily', an open-source Galaxy workflow that helps scientists to find gene families based on the powerful 'EnsemblCompara GeneTrees' pipeline.

Plants share defensive proteins in evolutionary pick 'n' mix Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:14 AM PST Novel research has shed further light on how plants can use 'baits' to recognize and trap disease-causing pathogens before infection can take hold.

New way to 'see' the quantum world Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:13 AM PST Scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art.

How microplastics are affecting marine organisms Posted: 05 Mar 2018 07:16 AM PST A group of scientists who use Crepdiula onyx as a model organism to test microplastics immunity have found that they will threaten other marine organisms that are less resilient towards mircoplastic pollution.

Producing handy gels from a protein found in human blood Posted: 05 Mar 2018 07:16 AM PST From blood to the lab: the protein albumin is responsible for many vital processes in the human body. In nature it only appears as a solution when dissolved in water. Chemists have developed a method of producing various albumin-based gels. Their findings may one day help to develop innovative drug carrier systems that more easily reach the bloodstream.

Mammals share mechanisms controlling the heart with a 400 million-year-old fish Posted: 05 Mar 2018 07:16 AM PST Primitive air-breathing fish, whose direct ancestors first appeared around 400 million years ago, show mechanisms controlling the heart which were previously considered to be found only in mammals -- according to a new study.

Dying for the group: What motivates the ultimate sacrifice? Posted: 05 Mar 2018 07:16 AM PST Whether idolized as heroes or demonized and labelled terrorists, throughout history people have been willing to die for their groups and the causes they believe in. But why? New research suggests that there is a unique psychological process that may play a crucial role in motivating the ultimate sacrifice: identity fusion.

A leopard may not change its spots but venomous creatures change their venom recipe often Posted: 05 Mar 2018 07:16 AM PST For a long time scientists believed that an animal's venom was consistent over time. However, through a close study of sea anemones, researchers found that animals change their venom several times over the course of a lifetime, adapting the potency and makeup of their venom to suit changing predators and aquatic environments.

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